Pests are a major threat to tomato producers globally, owing to the substantial yield losses, low-quality produce, and low profitability that they cause. Integrated pest management (IPM) has been promoted as a sustainable, effective, safe, and environmentally friendly approach to manage pests....

In this study we discuss why planting non-Bacillus thuringiensis (non-Bt) cotton as a refuge crop in China (and other developing countries) may not be economically optimal. To show this, we develop a bioeconomic model to run simulations that will help find the optimal strategies for managing the...