Urban change involves transformations in the physical appearance and the social composition of neighborhoods. Yet, the relationship between the physical and social components of urban change is not well understood due to the lack of comprehensive measures of neighborhood appearance. Here, we...

Urban change involves transformations in the physical appearance and the social composition of neighborhoods. Yet, the relationship between the physical and social components of urban change is not well understood due to the lack of comprehensive measures of neighborhood appearance. Here, we...

Human development is a complex process involving interactions between individuals and their socioeconomic, biological and physical environments throughout their life courses. The impact of the environment on an individual’s long-term outcomes remains an area of study for multiple disciplines...