Academic research commercialization is examined in order to investigate shifting relationships between public and private science in the academic community. The last quarter century has displayed an enormous amount of change in academic involvement with commerce. Broad university-based efforts...

Spatial layouts can have significant influences on the formation and outcomes of social relationships. Physical proximity is thus essential to understanding the elemental building blocks of social networks, dyads. Situating relationships in space is instrumental to formulating better models of...

Public research systems in the United States and Europe are often compared with respect to their divergent levels of involvement in the private economy. The U.S. research system, with its mix of both public and private institutions, has long played a significant role in conducting research that...

We use detailed information about American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) spending to identify the distinctive effects R&D stimulus had on county level employment dynamics. ARRA R&D and science funding was awarded to over half the counties in the country. Counties with research...

Industrial districts and regional clusters depend on the networks that arise from reciprocal linkages among co-located organizations, while physical proximity among firms can alter the nature of information and resource flows through networks. We consider the joint effects of geographic...

The development of collaborative network ties and configurations in the commercial biotechnology field is examined, in order to demonstrate how patterns and the logic of interaction and attachment emerge, take root, and shift over time. The ties between biotechnology firms, public research...