. While most international accounts find that diversity reduces productivity, I argue that the U.S. experience is more nuanced …. Unqualified statements about the costs and merits of diversity are unwarranted, as racial heterogeneity increases productivity …

among the entrepreneurial founder's political ties and managerial ties, marketization, and firm's productivity, measured by … firm-level total factor productivity. Our findings indicate that the entrepreneurial founder's managerial ties enhance firm … productivity whilst political ties reduce productivity. We also find that marketization positively moderates the effects of the …