, poor productivity performance, decreased labour demand, and increased imports of intermediate goods (offshoring activities …). Offshoring influences jobs and wages differently depending on the type of industry and worker. We provide a nuanced view of … offshoring in South Africa, using firm- and employer-employee-level data to disentangle its impact on the labour market in terms …

-level trade flows with firm-specific instrumental variables based on world demand and supply shocks. Both export and offshoring … shocks have a positive effect on wages. Exports increase wages for all occupational categories while offshoring has … elasticity of wages with respect to exports and offshoring is higher than in firms with no collective bargaining. Wage gains …