The view that high unemployment in West Germany and other European countries is caused by a path dependence effect - or … hysteresis effect - is quite popular among economists. However, because of an identification problem, much of the empirical … is argued that in a cointegration framework it is reasonable to define hysteresis as the absence of weak exogeneity of …

labor market and skill obsolescence from long-term unemployment. The model can account for key features of the Great … aggregate demand raises unemployment and the training costs associated with skill obsolescence. Lower employment hinders … contractionary effect on output. The temporary growth slowdown translates into output hysteresis (permanently lower output and labor …

labor market and skill obsolescence from long-term unemployment. The model can account for key features of the Great … aggregate demand raises unemployment and the training costs associated with skill obsolescence. Lower employment hinders … contractionary effect on output. The temporary growth slowdown translates into output hysteresis (permanently lower output and labor …