In contrast to health shocks, mortality shocks do not only induce direct costs such as medical and funeral expenses and …

(2001). The contribution of this paper is to instrument for settler mortality rates that are collected from historical … my instruments are significant predictors of mortality and are otherwise excludable to institutions. Among other things … mortality strongly affected institutions in former colonies, yet it had no effect on institutions in the rest of the world. This …

Specialty hospitals have lower mortality rates for cardiac revascularization than general hospitals, but previous …. Questions have been raised about whether simultaneous relationships between volume and mortality might have biased these … mortality and volume to control for possible simultaneity. After this adjustment, it is still the case that specialty hospitals …

Prior studies have found that Medicare health maintenance organization (HMO) enrollees have lower mortality (over a … Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) data to compare 2‐year predicted mortality for Medicare enrollees in the HMO and FFS sectors using a … raw, unadjusted mortality probabilities was 0.5% (HMO lower). Correcting for numerous observed confounders resulted in a …

The ratio of women to men in India reveals excess female mortality by comparison with developed countries; this excess … is socially not naturally determined. Juvenile sex ratios combine excess male infant mortality in poor health … environments with excess female child mortality due to discrimination. Variations in sex ratios have been explained in terms of …

carried out in the early 2000s enables to re-estimate recent mortality levels in both countries. Vital statistics since the … 1980s are presented and discussed. Infant mortality is corrected according to sample surveys, and mortality above age 60 …

investigated. Cub mortality was examined over a 4-year period in one clan of wild-living spotted hyenas in Kenya. Data were … examined as a function of litter size, sex of cubs, and maternal rank. Overall, cub mortality was high (61%). Contrary to … no correlation between cub mortality and maternal rank. Peaks in cub mortality coincided with life stage events …

-age mortality is not known. This paper studies how cohort-level mortality depends on shocks in the cohort’s early and later life … (period) conditions. I use cohort’s own mortality as a proxy for the early life conditions, and define shocks as deviations … associated with cohort’s later mortality. This may be because individual-level health is robust to early life conditions, or …