getting from one point to another, regulation may be avoided by allowing competition between several franchise owners. This … paper studies toll competition among private roads with congestion. The paper derives two main results. First, we find … is less than optimal, which runs counter to what is expected form price competition. While a lower toll reduces the out …

rewards and taxes. The model considers a Vickrey-ADL model of bottleneck congestion with endogenous scheduling. With inelastic … efficiency viewpoint, because it attracts additional users to the congested bottleneck. As a result, both the second-best optimal …

The traditional bottleneck model for road congestion promotes the implementation of a triangular, fully time varying … traditional bottleneck model to analyse how the coarse charge can be differentiated over two groups of travellers assuming …