The COVID-19 pandemic induced a volatile pattern in household expenditures on a global scale. In this study, we analyse the mitigating effect of vaccination trends on pandemic-related depression in expenditures by exploiting province-level high-frequency credit and debit card data from a large...

We estimate the impact of Covid-induced working from home (WFH) on offline consumer spending in urban agglomerations. Our analysis draws on postcode-level data on card transactions and WFH patterns in major German cities between January 2019 and May 2022. We address endogeneity in WFH uptake by...

Purpose: Given the severity and the length of the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, information on the financial impact of the pandemic becomes useful to enterprises who wish to arm themselves with strategies and policies, designed to combat the effects of similar crises. Such information...

In response to the economic crisis created by the COVID-19 pandemic, many govern- ments provided financial assistance to households. Using representative consumer surveys conducted during the pandemic in 2020, we examine the effects of this fiscal policy instrument on households in two emerging...

This paper builds a government policy choice model in a general equilibrium setting in which households' health status responds to a stricter policy on the pandemic. By assuming an exogenous policy decision date, the model implies the government should maintain the current policy until the...

■ Restrictions on social activities and avoidance of in-person consumption due to Covid-19 drove down overall household consumption but increased in non-face-to-face consumption.○ In 2020, households significantly reduced in-person consumption due to infection concerns and social distancing...