This paper explores the relationship between various measures of prior victimization and indicators of both the perceived victimization risk and fear of crime. Equations are specified and estimated both for the fear of crime/perception of risk and for prior victimization. Since prior...

Deeply rooted historical patterns allow us to make a correlation between imprisonment and unemployment and the marginalization of blacks. This paper examines the interrelationships among criminal activity, punishment, and cycles of the economic system based on the influence of political and...

This article provides estimates of the impacts of a race-neutral programme called an Emerging Small Business Enterprise (ESBE) Programme in New Jersey in 2003--2004 on women- and minority-owned contractors. We show that although women- and minority-owned firms conceptually benefit from ESBE...

Race-based remedies often are justified by evidence of prior discrimination. They work when they benefit groups previously disadvantaged. This article examines one such remedy-minority business set-asides-and its application in the award of public procurement and construction contracts by the...