Of the many functions of punishment in a democratic society, consider two extremes: punishment as a means of controlling crime, and punishment as a means of just deserts. The former is concerned with altering the behavior of individual criminals so as to achieve the desired social end of lower...

President Hasselmo, Dean Schuh, Mrs. Wilkins, Dr. Hooks, out-of-town guests, distinguished visitors, colleagues and friends. Roy Wilkins devoted his life to the battle for human rights and so­cial justice. His vision of racial equality guided the NAACP's suc­cessful efforts to break down many...

An informal discussion among a group of black graduate students in economics at M.I.T. on plans to relate the tools and concepts we were learning to other black students evolved into a continued debate on the role of the black scholar, particularly the black economist, in the survival of black...