How does an increase in unionization costs, i.e. costs which arise when workers are organized by a union, affect the … unionization, heterogeneous firms as well as free market entry/exit. If unionization costs are relatively low (high), we find that … an increase in these costs decreases (increases) average productivity and welfare decreases (increases). Additionally, we …

considering the wide variations in factors that influence the levelized costs of electricity across countries and technologies …. This study calculates more than 4,000 levelized costs of electricity for 11 technologies, varying key input variables. The … study shows that the levelized costs of electricity for renewable electricity technologies, except concentrated solar and …