What is science? How is it performed? Is science only a method or is it also an institution? These are questions at the core of Managing Science, a handbook on how scientific research is conducted and its results disseminated. Knowledge creation occurs through scientific research in...

At both a micro-information level and a macro-societal level, the concepts of "knowledge" and "wisdom" are complementary - in both decisions and in social structures and institutions. At the decision level, knowledge is concerned with how to make a proper choice of means, where "best" is...

The problem of managing inquiry is a generalization of the more limited problem of managing research and development projects. As management science attends to the complex problem of educational systems or national science systems, then an awareness is worthwhile of other literatures relevant to...

Response of the Ian Mitroff and Frederick Betz (Betz, F., Mitroff, I. 1974. Representational systems theory. Management Sci. 20 (9, May) 1242-1252.) to the comment (Berhold, M. 1975. Comment on "Representational systems theory" by Betz and Mitroff. Management Sci. 21 (9) 1077-1078.).

This case study examines the global financial debacle of 2007–2008 to see the roles in which technology played in new financial schemes. It uses theory about social-technical systems and applications of technology to analyze the case. It identifies theoretical issues in which MOT can relate to...

A knowledge economy still produces goods and services, although by the important use of knowledge. Therefore, economic models are relevant to understanding how a knowledge economy should properly work, particularly the financial system in a knowledge economy. When finance fails, all knowledge...

A layered financial structure is the key institutional feature of the financial subsystem of a knowledge economy. The concept was introduced by Irving Minsky and has been proven the empirical key in understanding bank panics, such as the global financial crisis of 2007–2008. However, even...

The problem of proper control in society is a complicated issue. It is complicated by the fact that three different types of control exist in a society: control in socio-technical systems, control in managed systems, and control in self-organizing systems. We apply the theory of societal...

The theoretical concepts of a national innovation system and of a quadruple helix of interactions within a system have been used to characterize American and European successes in transforming knowledge to utility—through research and development and entrepreneurship and new ventures. In this...

In this paper, we perform a graphical analysis of hegemonic leadership in international finance, based upon the historical studies by Kindleberger and Sobel about the Dutch and British financial hegemony in the 1600s-1800s. The socio-technical systems of public and of private finance in nations...