This paper argues that investing in public institutions and goods are the best tool for shielding the economy against events similar to Covid-19 because private agents cannot foresee extremely unlikely events and there are markets where informational problems are pervasive. This is even more...

This asymmetric effect of the shock on economic activities becomes an asymmetric impact on countries depending on their sectoral composition.

Despite all the difficulties inherent to our political organisation, the European Union has taken a bold step by doubling the EU budget for the next six years with the NGEU fund.

In this paper, we investigate the path to the green transition in Europe. In so doing, we implement an empirical model of dynamic panel data on a sample of sixteen Western European countries over the period 1980 to 2019. The model is consistent with various features of neoclassical growth theory...

In this paper we investigate the path to the green transition in Europe. In so doing, we implement an empirical model of dynamic panel data on a sample of sixteen Western European countries over the period 1980 to 2019. The model is consistent with various features of neo-classical growth theory...