migration from a European Union perspective. It advocates for a new concept to measure the ethnic identity of migrants, models … of ethnic identity, classifies migrants into four states: integration, assimilation, separation and marginalization …

occupation in which they work. We find that migrants living in New Zealand for less than 5 years are on average overeducated …, while earlier migrants are on average undereducated. However, once accounting for heterogeneity, we find that both … overeducated and undereducated migrants become, with increasing years of residence in New Zealand, more similar to comparable …