Do interest rates effect investment and the GDP? If so, which ones, and by how much? Research on this topic over 5 decades has produced conflicting results. Yet, this question is of critical importance to the viability of Keynesian macroeconomics. This paper attempts to explain why results have...

This paper examines the extent to which changes in imports or exports of U.S. consumer goods and services occurs in response to a change in the exchange rate, 1960 -2000. The data used are taken from the Economic Report of the President, 2002. The findings indicate that an increase in the trade...

Falling exchange rates reduce the purchasing power of the dollar, increasing import prices. Higher import prices have two effects. (1) A substitution effect that shifts demand from imported to domestically produced goods. (2) An income effect that reduces the total amount of real income...

Falling exchange rates reduce the purchasing power of the dollar, increasing import prices. Higher import prices have two effects. (1) A substitution effect that shifts demand from imported to domestically produced goods. (2) An income effect that reduces the total amount of real income...

This large scale econometric study finds private borrowing and spending decline as government deficits grow, due to “crowd out” effect resulting from financing the deficits from the limited pool of available loanable funds, and crowd out completely offsets stimulus effects. This result is...

This book presents overwhelming evidence that US government stimulus programs over the past fifty years have not worked. Using the best and most modern econometric testing models, it applies 228 separate hard science tests to examine the effects of different stimulus models that should, in...

This book explores the US economy from 1960 to 2010 using a more Keynsian, Cowles model approach, which the author argues has substantial advantages over the vector autoregression (VAR) and dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models used almost exclusively today. Heim presents a robust...

Chapter. 1 Introduction -- Chapter 2. Literature Review -- Chapter 3. Methodology -- Chapter 4. Theory of Crowd Out and Accommodative Monetary Policy -- Chapter 5. The Role of Primary Dealers, Investment Banks and Foreign Banks in Federal Reserve Efforts -- Chapter 6. Does Crowd Out Really...