employees) and employer entrepreneurs (self-employed individuals with employees) provides seminal insights. Thus, this study … entrepreneurs (n = 103) from the European Working Condition Survey (EWCS 2010). A simple t test revealed that the solo self …-employed individuals report lower levels of affective commitment to their business than employer entrepreneurs. Moreover, regression …

negatively by the perception of low effort in their passion for entrepreneurship when proximity to the founders, entrepreneurial … entrepreneurial passion when employees were initially low passionate about entrepreneurship. This work contributes to the literature …