Purpose: This study aims to investigate how holding public subsidiaries affects the information environment of consolidated entities in Germany. Design/methodology/approach: The sample consists of German consolidated entities that are traded on major German stock exchanges over the fiscal years...

In this study we examine how corporate social responsibility (CSR) impacts earnings management in the setting of B corporation certification, a rigorous and costly third-party CSR certification. Using a sample of professionals employed at B corporations and non-B corporations, we utilize a...