With increasing concern about Internet intelligence, this paper proposes concepts of the Internet and Internet subsystem IQs over search engines. Based on human IQ calculations, the paper first establishes a 2014 Internet Intelligence Scale and designs an intelligence test bank regarding search...

Quantum nonlocality is an experimentally measurable quantum correlation indicated by the violation of Bell inequality. Previous studies show that bipartite Bell inequality is not violated in various translationally invariant spin models. In this paper, we study bipartite Bell inequality in an...

In this paper, we propose a robust sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method for nonlinear programming without using any explicit penalty function and filter. The method embeds the modified QP subproblem proposed by Burke and Han (Math Program 43:277–303, <CitationRef CitationID="CR9">1989</CitationRef>) for the search direction,...</citationref>

Subsequent rainfall after a strong earthquake can easily trigger landslides. Aerial photography is always available after a strong earthquake but not always available in a timely manner after a subsequent rainfall following the earthquake. Sometimes, only panchromatic imagery is available...

This qualitative study aimed to identify the motivating factors and the challenges related to the adoption of mobile payment (mPayment) by small business retailers. Data collected from semi-structured personal interviews with a small group of participants were analyzed applying a content...

This study investigates Chinese equity mutual funds’ performances while holding those that are well behaved in financial disclosure (transparent) companies, so-called peace of mind investing. This study uses detailed semi-annual data on mutual funds from 2011 to 2020, and finds that holding...

This paper proposes high-frequency and dynamic indexes to measure institutions’ risklevels. The indexes based on market data, which are constructed through the dynamicfactor copula introduced by Oh and Patton (2018), allow for the evolution ofinterdependency and size among institutions. The...

This study examines the impact of promotion-based tournament incentives on corporate labor investment efficiency. We find that tournament incentives, measured as the pay gap between the CEO and the next layer of non-CEO senior executives, lead to inefficient labor investments, measured as the...