The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruptions to economies around the world. In response to this, some developing countries offered reliefs such as electricity subsidies while others did not. How did the pandemic affect the electricity consumption of households and firms Did the utility...

The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruptions to economies around the world. In response to this, some developing countries offered reliefs such as electricity subsidies while others did not. How did the pandemic affect the electricity consumption of households and firms Did the utility...

The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruptions to economies around the world. In response to this, some developing countries offered reliefs such as electricity subsidies while others did not. How did the pandemic affect the electricity consumption of households and firms? Did the utility...

In this study, we explore the impact of a smart classroom (SCM) programme on student performance in science subjects in a high-stakes national exam for middle-high school students in Rwanda. To do this, we leverage plausibly exogenous variations in programme exposure induced by the staggered...

We investigate if financial inclusion leads to improved nutrition in rural Rwanda, using Rwandan Integrated Household Living Conditions surveys (2013/14 and 2016/17). Our empirical evidence shows a robust positive impact of financial inclusion efforts undertaken by formal financial institutions,...

Legal identity is an important aspect of securing access to public services, such as education, healthcare, and social protection services, including child support grants. In the South African context, in the post-apartheid period, many poor South Africans benefited from wellorganized civil...

Legal identity is an important aspect of securing access to public services, such as education, healthcare, and social protection services, including child support grants. In the South African context, in the post-apartheid period, many poor South Africans benefited from wellorganized civil...

Purpose: Since the start of seed and other market reforms in the 1990s, the annual number of improved varietal releases for maize in Kenya has increased substantially. Prior to the reforms, private firms were restricted in introducing new varieties, could not protect their intellectual property...