other inefficiencies. This paper proposes an approach through which all transfers to individuals vulnerable to poverty and … possible to propose a new transfer programme based on a universal child benefit and a targeted extreme poverty grant that will … be twice as effective at reducing poverty and inequality as the four existing programmes …

well below the EU at-risk-of-poverty thresholds in many countries. Single earners with dependent children are especially at … risk of poverty. We discuss the options for making progress. …

We use a fiscal incidence model based on the South African 2014/15 Living Conditions Survey to simulate the poverty … COVID-19 Social Relief of Distress grant upon its expiry and closing the extreme (food poverty line) poverty gap. Our key … findings are that the introduction of a household-targeted family poverty grant is theoretically able to reduce extreme poverty …

dependency, identifiable by region and demographic. Using a flow analysis (inflow and outflow) of poverty, rather than a stock … analysis, we explain why poverty is more appropriately understood as a dynamic, with the majority of people flowing in and out … of poverty for short durations. Distinguishing between structural and transitory poverty gives rise to a focus on the …