Why, after more than twenty-five years of decentralization, are Philippine local government units (LGUs) at varied … decentralization with the aim to gather insights as well as distill stylized facts emerging from the evidence explaining local … current decentralization dynamics became evident. Though mandates and laws are the same across local governments, except …

suggest that while civil service reforms might weaken the bureaucratic clientelism, the pre-existing patronclient relations …

policy changes promoting greater fiscal decentralisation to reduce pork-barrelling and rent-seeking, as well as the …

democratisation in 1990 and decentralisation in 2002. Formally, the Beninese state governs the market, but its authority is weak, and …

programs can support the processes of decentralization, improved social accountability and thus improve the well-being of rural …