applied using both geographic and sectoral variation in how much the bridge affected export patterns and productivity. Firms …The paper estimates the causal effect of trade liberalisation on aggregate productivity through mechanisms related to … productivity in Malmö increases. I find that almost all of Malmö's productivity growth is due to the reallocation of production …

productivity with a shape parameter that depends on industry-level characteristics. A novel result is that export opportunities, by … their productivity draws at the entry stage and explore the implications in closed and open economy. By allowing firms to …, namely, that export opportunities increase firmheterogeneity by fostering innovation. …