Since December 2021 the Banco de España has three new macroprudential tools (Circular 5/2021): the sectoral component of the countercyclical capital buffer, limits on sectoral concentration, and limits and conditions on loan origination. The new sectoral instruments will allow it to address the...

Structural risks are long-term non-cyclical risks stemming from the structural characteristics of the financial system and the wider economy. In this respect, the systemic risk buffer (SyRB) is a fairly flexible macroprudential instrument that aims to address such risks. However, the European...

The past two decades have witnessed the rapid development of machine learning techniques, which have proven to be powerful tools for the construction of predictive models, such as those used in credit risk management. A considerable volume of published work has looked at the utility of machine...

Structural risks are long-term non-cyclical risks stemming from the structural characteristics of the financial system and the wider economy. In this respect, the systemic risk buffer (SyRB) is a fairly flexible macroprudential instrument that aims to address such risks. However, the European...

The past two decades have witnessed the rapid development of machine learning techniques, which have proven to be powerful tools for the construction of predictive models, such as those used in credit risk management. A considerable volume of published work has looked at the utility of machine...

Following the global financial crisis, banking regulation incorporated macroprudential policy into the authorities’ toolkit with the aim of mitigating so-called “systemic risk”. This is namely the risk of financial instability becoming so widespread that it hampers the functioning of the...