Purpose: The Corruption Perception Index (CPI) for 2016 shows Pakistan as among the more corrupt nations in the world with a ranking of 117 among 176 countries surveyed. This situation raises concerns about members of the society and especially about the business communities. This paper aims to...

Purpose: No systematic models are being used in empirical research that provide assurance for the choice of proxies that are being used. The purpose of this paper is to examine the validity of the proxies being used in empirical research, and as a case study, it focuses on the area of financial...

This is the first comprehensive study of board gender diversity and its policies on derivatives risk management, through an examination of the value, risk, and hedging effects on risk control. Applying a simultaneous equations model to address the endogenous effects of financial and derivatives...

This is the first comprehensive study of board gender diversity and its policy impacts on derivatives risk management, through an examination of the value, risk, and hedging effects. Applying a simultaneous equations model to address the endogenous effects of financial and derivatives hedging...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the financing behavior of firms in Pakistan. Previous studies have investigated corporate leverage determinants within any particular industry, such as manufacturing industry, textiles industry, etc., with varying results. This is one of the...