There is unequal spatial distribution of resource endowment, population density, industrial structure, and economic development with diverse differences in labor, energy, and capital productivities in China. However, previous studies paid little attention to the determinants of CO2 transfers...

As one of the largest carbon emitters worldwide, China has promised to peak its carbon emissions by 2030 and achieve national carbon neutrality by 2060. In order to achieve the carbon reduction goal, the low-carbon pilot (LCP) program has been implemented in China since 2010. It is particularly...