Environmental problems caused by climate change have become increasingly prominent, and the important role of technological advancement in reducing environmental pollution is receiving more attention. Under the conditions of an open economy, multi-channel international technology spillover has...

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protect firms from imitation and are considered crucial to promote innovation and technological diffusion. This paper examines the impact of IPR on import sourcing decisions of multinationals. We consider a framework in which firms offshore production of an...