accounts. We estimate the local fiscal multiplier on output to be 1.7 at the regional level. The regional fiscal multiplier … and small in size. We decompose the regional fiscal multiplier on output into multipliers on expenditure components. The … regional fiscal multiplier on absorption exceeds 2.0 because of the crowding-in effect on consumption and investment. Moreover …

robustly find strong and persistent long-run multiplier effects for most European Countries in the early years after the …

tended to grow faster contemporaneously, with a multiplier of around 1.5 for permanent transfers and 1/3 for temporary …