"An estimated 20 million children born each year are at risk of brain damage from in utero iodine deficiency, the only … improvements in cognitive ability attributable to the intervention by assessing whether children who benefited from IOC in utero … exhibit higher rates of grade progression at ages 10 to 14 relative to siblings and older and younger children in the district …

. Children in England are typically eligible to start school - and thus access a number of hours of free public education - on 1 … September after they turn four. This means that children born one day apart may start school up to one year apart. We exploit … children may only encourage a small number of low income lone parents to return to work. -- labour supply ; school entry …