The first nationwide regulation of transportation in the United States (U.S.) was intervention in railways. In the 1830 to 1880 period, railways had been over-built in many areas of the country especially the Northeast mainly because of financial speculation in the creation of railway companies....

The privatization of British Railways (BR) has been deeply controversial. Having concluded that the old BR had run out of financial and managerial steam, the Conservative Government of John Major embarked in 1992 on a radical reform program involving the breakup of the formerly unitary system...

The author offers a number of reasons for separating rail infrastructure from operations: to reduce unit costs, to create intrarail competition, to better focus on the services to be provided, to clarify public policy, and to strike a better balance between the roles of the public and private...

This paper looks in detail at the cases of two countries that exhibit extreme cases of transport organization. In both countries, the railway and most of the ports are under unitary control, with essentially no regulation and only limited information available to assess behavior. If economies of...

In May 1992, the World Bank hosted a Railway Rountable in Vienna, Austria, attended by transport ministers, advisors, and senior railway staff from the Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries. The Roundtable reviewed recent trends in the railways'roles in these countries and identified...

Decisions about investments in the long-lived assets of transport infrastructure require some assumptions about prospective long-term demand from services using that infrastructure. To improve the basis for such predictions, the authors estimated the long-run determinants of domestic freight...