This paper is devoted to the discussion of the measurement of human development and poverty, especially in United … indices over the last two decades, focusing on the well-known Human Development Index (HDI) and the poverty indices. We then …

$2 a day poverty headcount measure to changes in mean income and inequality significantly decreases with initial … inequality and the ratio poverty line over mean income - taken as proxies for the initial density of income near the poverty line ….Variations in these proxies account for the large crossregional differences in the income elasticity of poverty during the 1980s and …

poverty among the elderly. The model focuses on individual preferences, a consumption technology that captures the economies … scale and a wife's share that is increasing in total expenditures. We further calculated poverty rates by means of the … collective consumption model. Collective poverty rates of widows and widowers turn out to be slightly lower than traditional ones …

migration, which has become increasingly popular in many Eastern European countries. Our findings indicate that poverty is a …

find that poverty defined with respect to relative incomes has no effect on changes in health. However, broader measures of … poor material conditions such as subjective poverty or low relative value of wealth significantly increase the probability … analysed. In addition to this the subjective measure of poverty has a significant effect on mortality, increasing it by 40 …

Microcredit can be an effective tool for tackling the global poverty problem. Making microcredit work better for the … economic options of Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries within Third World economic and poverty conditions. Governance principles can … for poverty reduction and development. In view of the Philippine government’s limitations, economic and fiscal challenges …

poverty by modelling the impact of technological progress in the formal sectors of the economy on the urban informal wage in a … is less capital intensive (as capital flows to the informal sectors). This helps in understanding trends in urban poverty … given the strong association between the urban informal wage and degree of urban poverty. …