Many countries have developed strategies to attract and retain qualified health workers in underserved areas, but there is only scarce and weak evidence on their successes or failures. It is difficult to compare lessons and measure results from the few evaluations that are available. Evaluation...

The benefits of integrating programmes that emphasize specific interventions into health systems to improve health outcomes have been widely debated. This debate has been driven by narrow binary considerations of integrated ( horizontal) versus non-integrated ( vertical) programmes, and...

In this paper we present findings of a systematic review that explores a broad range of evidence on: (i) the extent and nature of the integration of targeted health programmes that emphasize specific interventions into critical health systems functions, (ii) how the integration or...

This study provides the basis for constructing a political economy of tobacco control in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The authors first undertook a literature review of tobacco control in LMICs to explore the forces that oppose the adoption, implementation, and enforcement of...

This cross-national study provides empirical evidence of some of the trends in health status, health services, and health care financing that have occurred in countries undergoing economic transition in Central and Eastern Europe. Evidence shows that the transition has led to a significant...

Objectives: To identify British American Tobacco's ( BAT) reasons for targeting the former Soviet Union following its collapse in 1991 and the initial strategies BAT used to enter the region. Design: Analysis of tobacco industry documents held at the Guildford BAT archive. Results: Desire to...