Smart grids are an essential element in improving efficiency that is relevant to utilities in all countries - from advanced utilities with robust grids to those whose grids barely keep up with demand. This note provides practical guidance for stakeholders in defining smart-grid goals,...

The World Bank is responding well to its clients’ demand for financing of transmission and distribution projects. By helping to reduce losses, encouraging the integration of renewable energy, and expanding networks to increase supply, supported projects will improve the financial health of...

This report presents the findings of the Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) Power Sector Note that focuses on a least-cost planning analysis of the BiH power sector over the next two decades (2016-2035). This World Bank ESMAP-funded study was developed in association with the Independent System...

This chapter examines overarching mineral policies and mining laws to identify current trends in mineral development that contribute towards sustainable development. From those trends key components are defined that, if embedded in overarching policy and legal instruments, becomes tools of...

Numerous recent changes in the mining industry have led governments to an increased interest in the tender process as a means of awarding mineral rights. High demand and high mineral prices driven by rapid economic growth in countries such as Brazil, China, and India, and the emergence of new...

Wholesale electricity spot markets of different variants have been operating in most developed countries and around 20 percent of their developing counterparts. Although these markets have by and large stood the test of time, their ability to decarbonize power systems in tandem with carbon,...

Transmission is a key enabler of clean generation as the lines and substations need to be built first to encourage investments in generation. However, there has been limited attention to readying the grid through upgrades of existing transmission lines/substations and expansion of the grid. As a...