Tobacco taxes have positive impacts on health outcomes. However, policy makers often hesitate to use them because of the perception that poorer households are affected disproportionally more than richer households. This study compares the simulated distributional effects of tobacco tax increases...

The paper estimates the effects on presidential election returns in Mexico of a government climatic contingency transfer that is allocated through rainfall-indexed insurance. The analysis uses the discontinuity in payments that slightly deviate from a pre-established threshold, based on rainfall...

The results in this report for the Russian Federation support the use of tobacco taxation as an effective means to reduce tobacco consumption, raise government revenues, increase public health and promote income equality

This paper uses an extended cost-benefit analysis to estimate the distributional effect of tobacco tax increases in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The analysis considers the effect on household income of an increase in tobacco prices, changes in medical expenses, and the prolongation of working years...

Tobacco taxes are recognized as an effective policy tool to reduce tobacco consumption and improve health outcomes; however, policy makers often hesitate to use them because of their possible regressive effects. This report assesses the ability of taxes on tobacco to improve future health and...

The promotion of healthy diets is at the center of many strategies to prevent and control noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) worldwide. Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) are the target of many of these strategies given their contribution to obesity and related diseases. In addition to detrimental...

Tobacco taxes are usually considered regressive as the poorest individuals allocate larger shares of their budget towards the purchase of tobacco related products. However, because these taxes also discourage tobacco use, some of the most adverse effects and their economic costs are reduced,...

This paper analyzes the determinants for first-year students’ performance results in four Chilean universities. In addition to the standardized college entrance exams (PSU, for the Spanish acronym) and high school marks aggregation (NEM, for the Spanish acronym), this study includes a...

This paper evaluates the impact of the Chilean government's nancial aid on college and vocational education enrollment. We found that there is an endogenous process in the application for nancial aid. To solve this problem we use a two-step procedure with instrumental variables (IV) and found...

We aimed to evaluate the impact of governmental financial aid in vocational and college enrollment, solving the endogenous process in the application to benefits. Using a two-step instrumental varia- bles procedure, we found that college financial aid increases college enrollment by 30%. Being...