This policy note was prepared in parallel to the report Pakistan at 100, Shaping the Future. The report Pakistan at 100 discusses options to accelerate and sustain growth in Pakistan so that the country becomes an upper middle-income country when it turns 100 years old in 2047. This policy note...

This study reviews trends in the process of India's integration into the world economy in the context of the experience of developing countries as a whole, and evaluates the main factors which may hamper the pace at which integration occurs in the future. Based on a consideration of prospects...

The purpose of this paper is to examine the unit root properties of eleven Pakistani macroeconomic series using annual data. Along with traditional unit root tests, we use the procedure developed by Zivot and Andrews to test the null of unit root against the break-stationary alternative....

This paper analyzes the response of the State bank of Pakistan—the central bank, to foreign exchange inflows for the period of 2001:1 to 2006:8. In this context, we estimated sterilization and offset coefficients using vector autoregression (VAR) model to account for the issue of endogeneity...

The present paper takes a first step in investigating the monetary transmission mechanism in Pakistan at a sectoral level. Using quarterly data spanning from 1973:1 to 2003:4, we examine whether monetary policy shocks have different sectoral effects. Taking note of structural transformation of...

We looked into Pakistan’s central bank response to the foreign exchange inflows, for the period from 2001:01 to 2007:06, to strike a balance between competing goals of internal and external equilibriums to draw lessons for its conduct going forward. Using a reaction function we tested the...

In this paper, forward market unbiasedness hypothesis (FRUH) is tested and its underline assumptions of rationally formed expectations and non existence of time varying risk premium is examined empirically in case of Rupee/US$. Taking in to account the non-stationarity of the spot and forward...

In this paper, we focused on the hypothesis that nominal shocks such as monetary policy have only temporary impact on long run equilibrium real exchange rate and the consequent misalignment. To do so we utilized two approaches to tackle this issue. The first approach to find out long run real...

The purpose of this paper is to examine the unit root properties of eleven Pakistani macroeconomic series using annual data. Along with traditional unit root tests, we use the procedure developed by Zivot and Andrews to test the null of unit root against the break-stationary alternative....