The main features of the Peruvian petroleum sector are described with special reference to the development of the institutional regulation of the industry since the early sixties. An econometric model has been developed to study the determinants of historical investment and production patterns...

Overwhelming evidence indicates that climate change, caused in large part by human activities, is already adversely impacting all people, with the very real prospect of worse to come. Nevertheless, a global treaty to curb carbon emissions remains elusive. In East Asia, all middle-income...

This guidance note presents an overview of the benefits of improving energy efficiency in urban water and wastewater utilities (WWUs). It defines the typical energy efficiency and load management measures and the process to identify and assess these measures. The note addresses some of the major...

This guidance note, about Energy service companies (ESCO), was prepared under the Energy Efficiency Outreach activity of the World Bank’s Europe and Central Asia region. The activity is sponsored by the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program, a multidonor technical assistance trust fund...

The development of private sector energy service providers (ESPs), including energy service companies (ESCOs), that specialize in energy efficiency (EE) project development and implementation can help overcome some of the important barriers to scaling up implementation of energy efficiency (EE)...

An energy efficiency revolving fund (EERF) is a viable option for scaling up energy efficiency (EE) financing in the public sector in the Western Balkans. Under a typical EERF targeting the public sector, loans are provided to public agencies to cover the initial investment costs of EE projects;...