This paper provides recommendations for combining the carbon budget with the carbon tax to support delivery of South Africa’s emissions reduction targets beyond 2020. The analysis involved comparing four categories of policy alignment options, including layering, ‘tax enforces budget’...

The past year has seen a significant increase in global momentum for climate action. As of April 2017, one hundred thirty-seven Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) have already submitted their first nationally determined contributions (NDCs) as part of...

Recent years have seen renewed and growing interest in carbon taxes that put a price on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This resurgence in interest has come as over three-quarters of the world have developed Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement and are looking for...

This paper reviews the key findings of a modeling analysis exploring the implications of the South African carbon tax. The modeling work reported in this paper differs from earlier analyses of the possible impact of a carbon tax in South Africa by more closely reflecting the actual design...

This report was prepared as part of the Partnership for Market Readiness (PMR) Policy Analysis Work Program which was launched to support countries’ efforts to determine post-2020 mitigation scenarios and identify packages of effective and cost-efficient policies—including carbon pricing...

The issues around the environmental integrity of international market mechanisms have gained a great deal of attention in the wake of the Paris Agreement. In addition, with the agreement on market-based measures for international aviation being reached, these issues are likely to gain even more...

As the world moves on from the climate agreement negotiated in Paris, attention is turning from the identification of emissions reduction trajectories—in the form of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)—to crucial questions about how these emissions reductions are to be delivered and...

Carbon leakage is much discussed in carbon pricing policy. Stakeholders, especially emissions-intensive industries, have expressed concern about the implications of carbon pricing when they compete with firms located in jurisdictions without equivalent policies. This technical note provides an...

The objectives of this study are threefold: a) to review and compare the PMR crediting-related activities presented in MRPs; b) to assess whether and how these crediting-related activities can stimulate scaled-up mitigation by creating a domestic environment (technical, regulatory and...

Over the past 25 years significant experience on offsetting has been built up through the development, implementation and improvement of various international and domestic offset programs. A wide range of approaches adapted to different circumstances have been explored. Currently a number of...