The volume index of GDP reflects the change in real income generated by production, which differs from the change in real domestic income (RGDI) available consumption and investment in case of movements in the terms of trade (ToT). If the ToT improve (the price index of exports is above that of...

Significant cross-country differences in real income levels are accompanied by sizable differences in price levels, and, in the longer run, convergence in real income levels goes together with convergence in price levels. Although the cross-country comparison of nominal per capita GDP levels at...

In December 2016 the National Bank of Hungary (NBH), by referring to its "backcasts" (based on analyses of past data-revisions), arbitrarily revised upwards the data of the Hungarian Statistical Office (HSO) on GDP-growth for the first three quarters of 2016. This "methodological innovation" (as...

The volume index of GDP reflects the change in real income generated by production, which differs from the change in real domestic income (RGDI) available consumption and investment in case of movements in the terms of trade (ToT). If the ToT improve (the price index of exports is above that of...

In December 2016 the National Bank of Hungary (NBH), by referring to its "backcasts" (based on analyses of past data-revisions), arbitrarily revised upwards the data of the Hungarian Statistical Office (HSO) on GDP-growth for the first three quarters of 2016. This "methodological innovation" (as...