In this paper I analyse whether non-employment periods at the initial stages of an individual’s career may increase … workers’ propensity to experience non-employment also in subsequent years. The study is based on data on young individuals in … Italy. The paper uses an instrumental variables approach to separate the effect of early non-employment from any residual …

This paper uses administrative data to in detail document how the share of youths not in employment, education or … controlling for youth background characteristics, first- and second-generation immigrant youths have significantly higher …

problems of integration into employment and decent work. The second part of this report is devoted to the issue of the … people pass through different activity statuses before becoming established in employment. …