positive feedback between early capital market development and investment in infrastructure innovations that lowered system …This paper traces the 11,000 year evolution of infrastructure systems during major periods of innovation, expansion and …-wide transaction costs has been a critical factor in sustaining growth since 1800. The paper sets out a model of infrastructure …

cooperation on its own. To contribute to APEC efforts and at the same time help meet the infrastructure development needs of the …Well-developed infrastructure systems and services are vital means of enhancing the connectivity of Asia …-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) member economies. In essence, efforts by APEC to enhance connectivity through infrastructure should …

Infrastructure plays a key role in facilitating trade, especially since recent trade liberalization in Asia has … resulted in significant tariff reductions. This study quantifies the impacts of both hard and soft infrastructure on trade … improvements in transport infrastructure (i.e., the road density network, air transport, railways, ports, and logistics) have …

systems, plays a significant role in economic growth. The development of core infrastructure - one of the European Union (EU … growth and convergence outcomes of infrastructure development. Even though we find that infrastructure positively affects …Core infrastructure, which covers transportation, information and communication (ICT), energy, water and sanitation …

in international cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) infrastructure development. EPC has been adopted in … the delivery of BRI infrastructure projects in other countries. Compared to the domestic method of contract, EPC remains … analysis of the current situation of EPC for BRI infrastructure projects in West Asian countries. This study aims to understand …