conveyed by smoking (of being off track in school), one that is especially powerful for high-aptitude students. To further … develop this view, we present estimates of the likelihood of smoking as a function of school commitment and other, more … traditional variables. There are no direct implications from this analysis for whether smoking is in some sense a cause of school …

In this paper we evaluate the effectiveness of cigarette taxes as a mechanism to reduce smoking rates among adolescents …. Using data from a nationally representative sample of adolescents, we use an endogenity-corrected model with school …-level fixed effects to obtain our estimates. Moving beyond the conventional definition of smoking to a definition that recognizes …

variation in schooling associated with early smoking behaviour, the other uses the raising of the minimum school leaving age … instruments. I find that the instrument constructed using early smoking behaviour is valid as well as being strong, and argue that … estimates of 12.9% (early smoking), 10.2% (RoSLA) and 12.5% (both instruments) …

-group influences on the propensity to engage in five different activities: drug use, alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking, church going …, and the probability that the student will drop out of school in the future. We find strong evidence of peer-group effects … at the school level for all activities analyzed. These effects remain after controlling for several personal and school …