The consensus back in 2008 – ten years after the introduction of the euro – was that the adoption of a common currency … had made a limited impact of around 2% in total on the trade flows of the first wave of euro area countries (Baldwin et al …., 2008). Since then, six more countries have joined the euro area, and firms have internationalised their production …

This paper studies the process of business cycle synchronization in the European Union and the euro area. As our … in the core and peripheral members of the euro area. Our analysis of quarterly data covering the first two decades of the … euro area shows that there was a certain synchronization tendency in the first years of the common currency. However, the …

This paper tests the hypothesis on market efficiency for returns on the euro against fifteen currencies while assuming …

In this paper, we analyze the volume of euro banknotes issued by Germany within the euro area with several seasonal … methods. We draw a distinction between movements within Germany, circulation outside Germany but within the euro area and … demand from non-euroarea countries. Our approach suggests that only about 20% of euro notes issued by Germany are used for …