Contemporary career mobility models (human capital, structural, and tournament models) do not fully explain up-or-out promotional systems in professional service firms (PSFs). A model of PSF career mobility is proposed which views the hiring of PSF associates as investments in options on future...

Despite a large amount of research leading to considerable knowledge on voluntary turnover, turnover theory is still deficient in a number of ways. The current study seeks to enrich existing theory by integrating both content and process research on employee turnover. The current model proposes...