This report summarizes the main challenges that men- and women-led companies (also referred to as traders or trade firms) and customs brokers face in undertaking cross-border trade of merchandise goods in the Republic of Tajikistan. The report also provides recommendations to address these...

Women's groups models vary widely across contexts but context-specific documentation is limited. This wide variation coupled with inconsistent terms used to describe these groups creates challenges in using the evidence collected on group-based interventions to inform policy. The typology...

Despite the efforts made to increase women's inclusion in the economy, they are still underrepresented in trade in general and in global value chains in particular. Thus, this paper aims at examining the impact of global value chains on women's trade participation as entrepreneurs and employees....

Starting a business is a way for women to generate income and become more resilient when dealing with shocks. However, large gender gaps in formal entrepreneurship impede women's livelihoods and global development. The persistence of gender-based barriers-notably, unequal access to financial...

Pakistan's female labor force participation (FLFP) remains low by regional and global standards. Furthermore, data show major disparities between rural and urban FLFP, with the latter being significantly lower. This note contains analysis of women's labor market outcomes as reported by women in...

This report focuses on the role of key stakeholders (policy makers, waste management practitioners, civil society, informal workers' organizations, and the private sector) in contributing to pollution reduction in South Asia while also enhancing livelihood prospects for informal waste...

This study supports the KP provincial government's efforts to facilitate women’s voluntary tax compliance by understanding women's constraints and experiences in tax payment and property registration and the gender gaps in access to and use of digital technologies. It draws data from a survey,...

Women entrepreneurs in Tajikistan confront disproportionate challenges in their businesses compared to their male counterparts, with cross-border traders being no exception. The World Bank initiated the Fourth Phase of the Central Asia Regional Links Program in 2020, aiming to boost Tajikistan's...

Liberian women make significant economic contributions yet are constrained from contributing even more due to their exclusion from productive opportunities. This study develops a macrosimulation model of the Gender Dividend that estimates the economic contributions of women and the societal...

This paper proposes a framework for the World Bank Group's approach to gender equality. Women’s achievements in such fields as education, health, and economic and political participation have not changed the unequal power relations with men. The author makes three main proposals for changing...