Europe’s path to ‘open banking’, ‘open data’ and ‘open finance’ rests upon four apparently unrelated pillars: (1) the facilitation of open banking to enhance competition in banking and particularly payments; (2) strict data protection rules reflecting European cultural concerns...

The SHRUG is an open data platform describing multidimensional socioeconomic development across 600,000 villages and towns in India. This paper presents three illustrative analyses only possible with high-resolution data. First, it confirms that nighttime lights are highly significant proxies...

Commons are holistic social institutions to govern the (re)production of resources, articulated through interrelated legal, socio-cultural, economic and institutional dimensions. They represent a comprehensive and radical approach to organise collective action, placing it "beyond market and...