internet services and presence of a competitor in the form of wireless broadband, was examined over a 12-year period. The …Improved internet connectivity has been a consistent aim of Japanese telecommunications policy in the past decades …, however, despite the high availability of high speed and ultra-high speed broadband services, actual use has yet to match …

19 countries. Our identification strategy relies on the idea that Internet access is important in the formation of ICT … skills, and we implement instrumental-variable models that leverage exogenous variation in Internet availability across …. Placebo estimations show that exogenous Internet availability cannot explain numeracy or literacy skills, suggesting that our …