This paper explores the performance of a pairwise differences estimator (PD) in the linear fixed effects models as an alternative to the fixed effects estimator (FE). Similar to FE, PD eliminates the unobserved fixed effects by data transformation but using a pairwise differencing approach...

Motivated by both the need to model recent structural economic changes and the need to understand better the nature of environmental-economic interactions, this paper introduces a continuous-time regional econometric input-output model for the Chicago economy that can be used to analyze, at...