Purpose: Are board ties among competitors harmful to customers? The prevalent assumption on board ties among competitors is that they harm customer benefits. This study examines the mechanism by which board ties with competitors result in an outcome conducive to customers....

This paper has two main aims. Firstly, we examine whether, given a critical mass of female board members, their presence has a different effect on the firm's CSR practices according to its family or non-family nature. We then consider whether the moderating role of the institutional environment...