agricultural tenancy contracts to villagers-cum-voters as an incumbent re-election strategy. Based on a household survey fielded in … 2018 across 130 villages in Java, Indonesia, we find that the chances of a bengkok plot being rented out increase by 6 … percentage points as the time of the next election becomes closer by one year, and sharecropping is preferred to a fixed …

incentives bring electoral consequences. Upon exploiting a natural experiment in Indonesia, the study found that the elected …

impact of direct elections on people's trust in state and political institutions, using a major political reform in Indonesia … assembly. Since 2005, however, they have had to compete in an open election where voters directly choose their preferred leader …

election results. The understanding of second-order phase transitions between two different conditions inspires the model. The … equilibria, and used to fit and analyze the three of democratic national elections in Indonesia, 1955, 1999, and 2004 …

This study analyzes the impact of government support on the financial performance of Indonesia's state …