This paper evaluates coal, petroleum, natural gas, nuclear energy and renewable energy resources as energy alternatives for China through use of a hierarchical decision model. The results indicate that although coal is still the major preferred energy alternative, it is followed closely by...

Horn (1988) proved a necessary and sufficient condition for the stochastic ordering of an arbitrary folded normal variable and a standard folded normal variable. This paper studies the more general case and presents the necessary and sufficient conditions for the stochastic ordering of two...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to reargue the great controversies surrounding marketization, by the concept of intrinsic value and to give a panorama of China's marketization and social development during last 30 years. Design/methodology/approach – The concept of intrinsic value is...